The major disease of sorghum is sorghum anthracnose. This disease is caused by a fungus that affects both the leaves and stalks of the sorghum plant. It manifests as small red spots on the surfaces of the leaves. These spots have a white center and are surrounded by a margin that can range in color from red to purple or brown.
Read a related post: What is the common name for sorghum?
Sorghum anthracnose is a significant concern for sorghum farmers as it can lead to yield losses. The disease typically starts as leaf spot or anthracnose, where the red spots appear on the leaves. If not properly managed, it can progress to stalk rot or redrot, where the fungus infects the stalks.
Leaf spot occurs when the fungus infects the leaves, causing the red spots to appear. These spots can merge together and result in larger infected areas. This disease can weaken the plant and reduce photosynthetic capacity, ultimately affecting its growth and yield potential.
Stalk rot, on the other hand, occurs when the fungus spreads to the stalks of the sorghum plant. The infected stalks develop a reddish-brown discoloration and become weakened. This can lead to lodging, where the plant topples over due to the weakened stalks. Lodging can cause significant yield losses as the plants are unable to fully mature and produce grains.
Management of sorghum anthracnose involves a combination of cultural practices and fungicide applications. Planting disease-resistant sorghum varieties can help reduce the incidence and severity of the disease. Crop rotation and proper sanitation practices, such as removing and destroying infected plant debris, can also help prevent the spread of the fungus.
Fungicides can be used to control sorghum anthracnose, especially during periods of high disease pressure. It is important to follow the recommended application rates and timing for effective control. Regular scouting and monitoring of the crop for early signs of the disease can help in timely interventions.
In conclusion, sorghum anthracnose is a major disease of sorghum that can cause both leaf spot and stalk rot. It is caused by a fungus and can lead to significant yield losses if not properly managed. Implementing cultural practices, using disease-resistant varieties, and timely fungicide applications are key elements in controlling this disease and preserving sorghum yields.