The toxin in Jowar (sorghum) is cyanide. Cyanide poisoning can occur in animals that consume sorghum due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in the plant. These glycosides are naturally occurring compounds that release hydrogen cyanide when metabolized by enzymes present in the animal’s digestive system.
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Cyanide is a highly toxic substance that interferes with cellular respiration, inhibiting the use of oxygen by cells. This can lead to symptoms such as rapid breathing, panting, weakness, ataxia, convulsions, and even death. The severity of cyanide poisoning depends on the amount of cyanide ingested and the detoxification capabilities of the animal.
To prevent cyanide poisoning, it is important to properly process sorghum before feeding it to livestock. One common method is ensiling, which involves fermenting the sorghum under anaerobic conditions. This process allows the cyanogenic glycosides to be converted into less toxic compounds, reducing the risk of poisoning.
Additionally, certain sorghum varieties have been developed to have lower levels of cyanide, known as low-tannin or sweet sorghum. These varieties can be a safer option for feeding livestock.
It is worth noting that while sorghum can contain cyanide, it is not inherently toxic. When processed and fed correctly, sorghum is a valuable feedstuff for livestock, providing essential nutrients and energy. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential risk of cyanide poisoning and take necessary precautions to mitigate it.