The peepal tree, also known as Ficus religiosa, exhibits a unique biological process known as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). This special photosynthetic pathway allows the tree to uptake carbon dioxide during the night as well. CAM plants have an advantage over other types of plants as they can adapt to arid and dry conditions.
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During the daytime, most plants utilize a different type of photosynthesis called C3 photosynthesis. In this process, plants open their stomata to allow the uptake of carbon dioxide, while releasing oxygen. However, this can also lead to water loss through the stomata, especially in hot and dry conditions.
In contrast, peepal trees, being CAM plants, have a unique way of photosynthesizing. They open their stomata during the night, when the temperature is cooler and the relative humidity is higher. By doing so, they minimize water loss through their stomata, as the cooler temperature reduces the rate of evaporation. This is an adaptation to drier environments and enables the peepal tree to conserve water effectively.
During the night, the peepal tree will absorb carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere through its open stomata. This carbon dioxide is stored in the form of a weak organic acid. As dawn approaches, the stomata close, and the carbon dioxide stored overnight is further utilized in photosynthesis during the daytime.
It is important to note that while the peepal tree can uptake carbon dioxide at night, it does not release oxygen during this time. Oxygen release primarily occurs during daylight hours when photosynthesis is most active.
Overall, the peepal tree’s unique ability to perform photosynthesis at night through CAM helps it maximize water conservation and adapt to its environment efficiently.